PMC

Cineradiography frame doses and image qualitv scores in IS X‐

A model of the approximate calculation for total radiation dose during fluoroscopy and the relationships among the influencing factors. Total Dose = 1Dose Rate × 2Fluoroscopy Time; 1Dose Rate = 3Dose/Frame × 4Frame Rate. Here, total dose indicates the air kerma, entrance skin dose or radiation dose. Dose-area product/kerma-area product is not applied. Technically, the total dose must be added from standard radiography and cineradiography.

Rhythmic Structure of Orofacial Movements
Time-displacement plot of the tongue, interlip distance, and hyoid for two examples of lip-smacking from two different monkeys (A) and chewing from two different monkeys (B). The x axis depicts the time in s and the y axis the displacement in cm. Power spectra of the time-varying displacement of the tongue, interlip distance, and hyoid during lip-smacking (C) and chewing (D) are shown. x axis depicts the frequency in hertz, and the y axis depicts the value of the logarithm of power spectrum in normalized units. The upper plots show the power spectrum of the displacement of tongue (red), interlip distance (green), and hyoid (blue). The lower plots show the power spectrum of the same structures during the chewing.

Temporal Coordination of Vocal Tract Elements
(A) PDC plots between tongue, interlip distance, and hyoid for lip-smacking. x axis depicts the frequency in hertz and the y axis the PDC value in normalized units (between 0 and 1). The solid black line in each plot indicates the PDC value for the respective pair of structures. The brown area corresponds to the 95% confidence intervals. The significant PDC values with p values < 0.01/6 are shown in red (tongue to lips) and in green (lips to tongue). The arrows in the center depict the direction of significant influence from each structure onto to the other two as measured by the PDC analysis.
(B) PDC plots between tongue, lips, and hyoid for the chewing. The conventions follow (A).